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“The government cannot love you, and any politics that works on a different assumption is destined for no good.”
― Jonah Goldberg
― Jonah Goldberg
The Failures of the League of Nations
- USA did not join
- Germany joins in 1926 but pulled out in 1933 by Hitler
- Lack of enforcement (only economic sanctions)
- Too closely linked with the Treaty of Versailles
- Nationalism too strong (big guys don’t want little guys to tell them what to do)
Japanese Occupation of Manchuria, 1931
- Very first act in Appeasement
- Japan owned South Manchurian railway
- Invaded Manchuria in 1931
- 1932, Leauges Lytton commission tells Japan to leave as Japan was a part of League
- Japan quit the league and invades China
- Because it didn't affect Europe, they didn't care
Italian Occupation of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), 1935
- Italy wanted colonies since 1895
- Mussolini wanted the Empire of Rome back (Imperialism)
- 1934, an incident is set up where Italians are killed
- Ethiopia asks the League for help
The End of the League of Nations
- League doesn't respond to Italy invading
- Economic sanctions were all they did
- Hoare-Laval Plan - allowing Italy to have half of Ethiopia if stopped fighting - this undermined the League
- Mussolini finishes taking Ethiopia over
- This was a sign of the end of the League
Germany Rearms - Militarizes the Rhineland
- 1935 Hitler introduces Conscription and re-arms Germany
- This made people happy because before they had no jobs anyways
- France, Britain and Italy form the Stresa front to condemn Hitler's actions
- 1935 Mussolini signs naval agreement with Hitler
- March 1936 Hitler remilitarizes the Rhineland (Breaking the Locarno Pact)
Summary
Chamberlain's policy of appeasement emerged out of the failure of the League of Nations and the failure of collective security. The League of Nations was set up in the aftermath of World War I in the hope that international cooperation and collective resistance to aggression might prevent another war.