“People of this world, look upon this city and see that you should not and cannot abandon this city and this people.”
Ernst Reuter, September 9, 1948
Ernst Reuter, September 9, 1948
Vietnamization, 1969
•Anti-war demonstrations became very popular in the U.S.
•President Nixon was elected in 1968 on a peace platform (Tricky Dicky)
•Nixon wanted to find a way out honourably •Developed Vietnamization with help of Henry Kissinger and Henry Cabot-Lodge
•The plan had a two track formula
•1.) Make the south well trained enough militarily that they could withstand the north on their own
•2.) Strengthen the south’s government to attract a broader base
•President Nixon was elected in 1968 on a peace platform (Tricky Dicky)
•Nixon wanted to find a way out honourably •Developed Vietnamization with help of Henry Kissinger and Henry Cabot-Lodge
•The plan had a two track formula
•1.) Make the south well trained enough militarily that they could withstand the north on their own
•2.) Strengthen the south’s government to attract a broader base
U.S. Withdrawals
•American’s began to make their first withdrawals in Aug. 1969
•The air war increased
•B-52s dropped more bombs on North Vietnam than during all of WWII
•1971 almost entirely an air war
•1972 200,000 troops
•Jan. 1973 a cease fire is signed (Americans got their POWs back after 20 years of fighting)
•Aug. 1973 all U.S. forces out of Vietnam
•Spring 1975 all of south Vietnam falls to the north and becomes Communist
•The air war increased
•B-52s dropped more bombs on North Vietnam than during all of WWII
•1971 almost entirely an air war
•1972 200,000 troops
•Jan. 1973 a cease fire is signed (Americans got their POWs back after 20 years of fighting)
•Aug. 1973 all U.S. forces out of Vietnam
•Spring 1975 all of south Vietnam falls to the north and becomes Communist
Effects of the Vietnam War
•Costs the U.S. 150 billion dollars
•57, 939 men killed
•Loss of a country to Communism
•Limitations brought in on the President’s powers to wage war (Vietnam never declared a war)
•Made the U.S. look bad worldwide
•Conscription was ended in U.S.
•57, 939 men killed
•Loss of a country to Communism
•Limitations brought in on the President’s powers to wage war (Vietnam never declared a war)
•Made the U.S. look bad worldwide
•Conscription was ended in U.S.
Laos
•The Pathet Lao (Communist) worked with Viet Cong •Power struggle between two princes in Laos (one supported by communist countries and other by the USA)
•Remains communist until 1991 when a western-style constitution is brought in
•Remains communist until 1991 when a western-style constitution is brought in
Cambodia
•The Cambodians were led by the Communist Khmer Rouge
•Led by an absolute dictator (Pol Pot)
•Massacred about 1 million people in 4 years and removed in 1979 by the Vietnamese (renamed Kampuchea for 10 years)
•U.N. moved in to help maintain order
•Becomes democratic in 1990’s
•Led by an absolute dictator (Pol Pot)
•Massacred about 1 million people in 4 years and removed in 1979 by the Vietnamese (renamed Kampuchea for 10 years)
•U.N. moved in to help maintain order
•Becomes democratic in 1990’s
The Watergate Scandal
•As Nixon was about to run for the 1972 election the Republicans were accused of a crime
•5 men were caught trying to break into the Watergate hotel (headquarters for the Democrats) to place bugs •The investigation led to much more corruptness and also implicated Nixon in the cover up
•Nixon resigned before he could be impeached
•5 men were caught trying to break into the Watergate hotel (headquarters for the Democrats) to place bugs •The investigation led to much more corruptness and also implicated Nixon in the cover up
•Nixon resigned before he could be impeached
Summary
The plan behind Vietnamization was created in 1968 by Nixon. The intent behind this plan was to pull out of the Vietnamese war. The plan meant that they would militarily train the south so they were able to defend themselves from the north therefore strengthening the south's government to attract a border base